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INFLUENCE OF RESPIRATORY TRACT CONDITIONS ON PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS GENERATED BY COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE INHALERS
Mašková, Ludmila ; Ždímal, Vladimír ; Ondráček, Jakub
Pressurized metered dose inhalers (MDI) and dry powder inhalers (DPI) are an integral part of the treatment of lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (Vichrow et al., 2008). An important characteristic of particles dosed by MDI and DPI is particle size distribution (PSD) (Byron, 1990). This may vary depending on the formulation, but also on the temperature and relative humidity (RH) changes during the transport from the inhaler to the human respiratory tract. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of RH and inspiratory flow rates on the PSD\ncharacteristics and predict deposition efficiency of inhalable particles in the lungs.
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I/O Aerosol in Kindergarten - Case Study.
Ondráček, Jakub ; Talbot, Nicholas ; Cusack, Michael ; Vodička, Petr ; Ždímal, Vladimír ; Schwarz, Jaroslav
In last decades, people spend more and more time indoors. When various indoor sources are present, the indoor air quality is driven mainly by these sources. Without the presence of significant indoor sources, the situation is very different and the concentration of aerosol particles in indoor environment follows behavior of outdoor particles (taking into account losses of aerosol particles due to deposition on indoor surfaces and during penetration indoors. Many epidemiological studies show direct link between dose/exposition to fine (< 1µm) and ultrafine (< 100 nm) particles and adverse health effects. With regards to the fact that indoor environment is besides the adults occupied usually also by kids in longer time periods, it is very important to study the indoor environment in a great detail and to understand the behavior of aerosol particles indoors. In the case of the kids being exposed to the indoor aerosol particles, the adverse health effect can be more pronounced and the consequences more dangerous. Nevertheles, at the same time it is necessary to monitor the outdoor environment as well by observing its changing daily pattern and trying to identify the possible sources of outdoor air pollution.\n
Fulltext: content.csg - PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22016102412233 - PDF
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Fog and Cloud Processingof SMPS Spectra
Zíková, Naděžda ; Ždímal, Vladimír
Atmospheric aerosols have been studied extensively due to the confirmed influence of aerosols on global climate, aerosol – clouds interactions, atmospheric visibility, human health etc. (Kerminen et al., 2005; IPCC, 2007; Wichmann et al., 2000). However, the uncertainties connected to the effects of aerosols on phenomena in the atmosphere are considerable – there are various sources of aerosol particles, having different chemical compositions and particle size distributions (PSD). Moreover, the atmospheric aerosol is exposed to both dry and wet deposition, which further inflences the PSD. In this work, we have focused on cloud and fog processing of aerosol PSD.
Fulltext: content.csg - PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22013101814583 - PDF
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Air Quality in Different Types of Archives
Mašková, Ludmila ; Smolík, Jiří ; Ondráček, Jakub
Particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants in libraries and archives can be harmful for materials stored there. The study includes indoor/outdoor monitoring of air quality in 4 archives, which representing different outdoor environments: Zlatá Koruna (rural), Třeboň (small city), Teplice (industrial area), and Prague (large city with traffic). The aim of this study is to investigate concentrations and sources of airborne PM and gaseous pollutants in the indoor environment of the archives, and to establish the relationship between the indoor and outdoor environment. The results indicated outdoor air as the most probable source of particles in the indoor environment of naturally ventilated archives at Zlatá Koruna, Třeboň and Teplice. The concentrations in the indoor environment in Prague are relatively constant and low, because the archive is equipped with a sophisticated filtration systém.
Fulltext: content.csg - PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22013101814590 - PDF
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Air Quality in Different Types of Archives
Mašková, Ludmila ; Smolík, Jiří
The study includes indoor/outdoor monitoring of the air quality in four archives in the Czech Republic, which representing different outdoor environments: Zlatá Koruna (rural), Třeboň (small city with seasonal tourism), Teplice (industrial area), and Prague (large city with traffic). The aim of this study is to investigate concentrations and sources of airborne PM and gaseous pollutants in the indoor environment of the archives, and to establish the relationship between the indoor and outdoor environment. In 2012 the measurements were performed at Třeboň and Zlatá Koruna during 4 intensive campaigns in different seasons of the year.
Fulltext: content.csg - PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22013091913340 - PDF
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Aerosol Particles in the Indoor Environment of the Týn Church in Prague
Mašková, Ludmila ; Smolík, Jiří
Particulate matter inside cultural heritage buildings possesses different degrees of risk to materials. Particles not only cause soiling but are abrasive, provide sites for surface reactions and have a potential to damage artifacts due to their hygroscopic nature (Hachtfield, 2005, Nazaroff et al., 1990). The aim of this study was to investigate concentrations and sources of airborne PM in the indoor environment of the Týn Cathedral in Prague.
Fulltext: content.csg - PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22013091913200 - PDF
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Comparison of Particle Number Size Distributions in Three Central European Capital Cities
Zíková, Naděžda ; Borsós, T. ; Řimnáčová, Daniela ; Smolík, Jiří ; Wagner, Zdeněk ; Weidinger, T. ; Burkart, J. ; Steiner, G. ; Reischl, G. ; Hitzenberger, R. ; Schwarz, Jaroslav ; Salma, I. ; Ždímal, Vladimír
Health aspects of ultrafine aerosol particles in urban environment have been studied extensively in recent years (Salma et al., 2011; Putaud et al., 2010; Qian et al., 2007 etc.). Three main sources of the ultrafine particles have been defined – traffic, biomass burning, and atmospheric nucleation. However, the diurnal changes in intensities of individual sources are of considerable extent, similarly to the scale of variations in particle number concentrations due to meteorological phenomena.
Fulltext: content.csg - PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22013091814450 - PDF
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Statistical Evaluation of New Particles Formation Events at Košetice Station
Zíková, Naděžda ; Ždímal, Vladimír
In this work, we present a basic statistical evaluation of NPF at Košetice background station in the region of middle Europe.Variability between the two years is not high, especially ratio of NPF events to all classifiable days varies only by several percents between the two years. Results from Košetice station are very similar to those from Hyytiala station (Finland), despite different geographical location and different time periods.
Fulltext: content.csg - PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22012102615331 - PDF
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